氮化碳纳米片的微波合成与光催化特性文献综述

文献综述（或调研报告）：

氮化碳纳米片的微波合成与光催化特性研究文献综述

摘要

类石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）是类似于单层石墨的非金属N型半导体材料，具有良好的耐酸碱性和热稳定性，制备成本低，化学组成和能带结构可调控。而g-C₃N₄纳米片（CNNs）指的是单层或少层的g-C₃N₄，相比体相g-C₃N₄有着更加优异的性能。在光激发条件下，CNNs的光生载流子复合率相对较低，此外，合适的禁带宽度使其有较好的氧化还原能力，是一种高效、绿色、低成本的新型光催化剂。CNNs的传统合成方法或多或少存在效率低、无法量产等问题，而高能微波加热技术因为其加热速度快、效率高、选择性高、加热均匀、节能环保的优点，有效提高了CNNs的合成效率并保证了良好的光催化性能。本文概述了g-C₃N₄与CNNs的结构性质与几种常见制备方法，介绍了高能微波加热技术合成CNNs，并对光催化特性的研究进行了说明。

关键词：g-C₃N₄纳米片；g-C₃N₄；高能微波加热技术；光催化特性

Abstract

Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is a non-metallic n-type semiconductor material similar to single-layer graphite, which has good acid and alkali resistance and thermal stability, low preparation cost, adjustable chemical composition and band structure. g-C₃N₄ nanosheets (CNNs) refer to the single-layer or few layer g-C₃N₄, which have more excellent performance than the bulk phase g-C₃N₄. The recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers is relatively low under visible light irradiation. Besides, the suitable band gap also benefits its photocatalytic performance. It is a new photocatalyst with high efficiency, green and low cost. The traditional synthesis methods of CNNs have some demerits, such as low efficiency and small-scale production. By contrast, the high-energy microwave heating technology, because of its advantages of fast heating speed, high efficiency, high selectivity, uniform heating, energy saving and environmental protection, effectively improves the synthesis efficiency of CNNs and ensures good photocatalytic performance. In this paper, the structure and properties of g-C₃N₄ and CNNs are summarized. The synthesis of CNNs by high-energy microwave heating technology is introduced, and the study of photocatalytic properties is also described.

Keywords: carbon nitride nanosheets; g-C₃N₄; high-energy microwave heating technology; photocatalytic properties

1 研究背景

随着经济的迅速发展和人口数量的不断增加，人类对能源的需求日益增加。传统化石能源快速消耗的同时所带来的环境污染等问题日益突出，其中水污染问题更是直接影响到人们工作与生活的方方面面。其中化学沉淀法、离子交换法、吸附法和生物降解法是常见的几种治理水污染的方法，但这些方法存在一些弊端，如二次污染、成本高和效率低的问题。而近年来引起广泛关注的半导体光催化法由于有着高效、绿色以及成本低的优点，在解决水污染领域具有巨大的应用前景。